美欧日三方关于第3国产业补贴和国有企业的相关声明_大朗会计培训班_大朗电脑培训班
发布时间：2018-09-27 10:03:00 点击率：
美欧日三方关于第3国产业补贴和国有企业的相关声明_大朗会计培训班_大朗电脑培训班
产业补贴和国有企业相关声明
部长们审查并确认了有关产业补贴和国有企业可能的新规则的进展情况，以便为其工人和企业提供更公平的竞争环境。部长们强调了确保公平竞争的重要性，因为第三国将国有企业发展成为国内顶尖并任其在全球市场肆虐——导致了对三方国内农民、工业生产商和工人的负面影响。在加强产业补贴和国有企业规则的方面，部长们认识到了现有工作的进展，以及加强共识的持续需要，包括如何制定有效的规则来解决国有企业扭曲市场的行为和对抗特别有害的补贴实践，例如：国有银行的放贷与公司的资信不符，还基于隐性的政府担保；政府或政府控制的基金以非商业条件进行投资；非商业债转股；优惠原料价格，包括双重定价；在没有可靠的重组计划的情况下对不良企业的补贴；以及导致或维持产能过剩的补贴。
三方会继续探讨如何提高透明度和未进行补贴通报的成本，以及如何加强获得补贴相关信息的能力。
部长们还确认会承诺继续共同努力，以维持现有世贸组织规则的有效性。
在此基础上，他们同意加强彼此之间的对话，并表示有意在2018年年底前推进各自的内部流程，以便在此后就更有效的补贴规则进行谈判。部长们强调有必要确保主要贸易伙伴参与今后的谈判。
第三国强制技术转让政策和做法相关声明
部长们回顾了他们的共识，即任何国家都不应该通过合资要求、外国股权限制、行政审查和许可程序或其他方式，要求或迫使外国公司向国内公司转让技术。部长们认为这种做法非常糟糕。
部长们再次谴责政府采取支持未经授权入侵或从外国公司的计算机网络中窃取，以获取敏感的商业信息和商业机密，并将这些信息用于商业目的的行为。强迫技术转让政策和做法造成了三方国内工人和企业不公平的竞争条件，阻碍了创新技术的开发和使用，并破坏了国际贸易的正常运作，部长们将就此与其他志同道合的贸易伙伴达成并建立共识。部长们还同意深入调查和分析各种具有危害性的技术转让政策和做法及其影响。
部长们重申将致力采取有效措施制止具有危害性的强制技术转让政策和做法，并为此深化关于执法和规则制定的讨论，以解决此类问题。
关于WTO改革的讨论的声明
部长们对世贸组织改革的必要性持共同看法。就世贸组织其监测和监督职能，部长们同意首先共同提出有关透明度和通知的提案，供货物贸易理事会下次会议审议。
部长们还同意促进加强委员会的常规活动，并指示三国专家讨论由三成员国提出关于最佳实践推广和提高各委员会的效率可能的联合提案。
过于宽泛的发展界定，加上自我定位的发展现状，抑制了世贸组织谈判新的贸易扩大协议的能力，也破坏其有效性。部长们呼吁宣称发展中国家地位的先进的世贸组织成员在世贸组织正在进行和未来的谈判中作出全面承诺。
数字贸易和电子商务相关声明
部长们对数字保护主义泛滥的担忧日益增加，并同意合作促进数字贸易和数字经济的发展，并通过促进数据安全来改善商业环境。
部长们欢迎世贸组织电子商务联合声明倡议下的探索性工作取得进展。他们同意加强和加速WTO规则的更新进程，加深成员之间对需要纳入未来的数字贸易协议的要素，以及此类协议的重大经济效益的共识。部长们同意继续努力，在尽可能多的成员的参与下及时启动高标准协议的谈判。
关于其他问题的合作声明
部长们确认了协同工作在贸易和外国投资领域降低国家安全的风险的重要性，包括三方有关当局之间继续合作，以分享最佳做法和交换有关外国投资审查机制的信息。
部长们欢迎国际出口信贷工作组的三边合作，以便尽快在2019年为政府支持的出口信贷制定一套新的指导方针。
部长们重申在国际论坛，如七国集团、二十国集团和经合组织等国际论坛以及钢铁产能过剩全球论坛和政府间半导体会议等中的合作，以解决扭曲市场措施。
英文原文如下：
JointStatementonTrilateralMeetingoftheTradeMinistersoftheUnitedStates,Japan,andtheEuropeanUnion
Mr.HiroshigeSeko,MinisterofEconomy,TradeandIndustryofJapan,AmbassadorRobertE.Lighthizer,UnitedStatesTradeRepresentative,andMrs.CeciliaMalmström,EuropeanCommissionerforTrade,metinNewYorkon25September2018.
StatementonConcernswithNon-Market-OrientedPoliciesandPracticesofThirdCountries
TheMinistersreiteratedtheirconcernwithandconfirmedtheirsharedobjectivetoaddressnonmarket-orientedpoliciesandpracticesofthirdcountriesthatleadtosevereovercapacity,createunfaircompetitiveconditionsfortheirworkersandbusinesses,hinderthedevelopmentanduseofinnovativetechnologies,andunderminetheproperfunctioningofinternationaltrade,includingwhereexistingrulesarenoteffective.
TheMinistersrecalledthatmarket-orientedconditionsarefundamentaltoafair,mutuallyadvantageousglobaltradingsystemandthattheircitizensandbusinessesoperateundermarket-orientedconditions.Theydiscussedactionsbeingtakenandpossiblemeasuresthatcouldbeundertakeninthenearfuture.
Accordingly,theydirectedtheirstafftofurthertheirdiscussiononvariouselementsorindicationsthatsignalthatnon-marketorientedpoliciesandpracticesexistforbusinessesandindustries,toenhanceinformationsharingonnon-market-orientedpoliciesandpracticesofthirdcountries,toengagewithothertradingpartnersonidentifyingmeanstomaintainmarket-orientedconditions,andtodeependiscussionsonenforcementandrule-makingastoolstoaddresstheseproblems.
StatementonIndustrialSubsidiesandStateOwnedEnterprise
TheMinistersreviewedandconfirmedprogressregardingpossiblenewrulesonindustrialsubsidiesandStateOwnedEnterprisessoastopromoteamorelevelplayingfieldfortheirworkersandbusinesses.TheMinistershighlightedtheimportanceofsecuringalevelplayingfieldgiventhechallengesposedbythirdpartiesdevelopingStateOwnedEnterprisesintonationalchampionsandsettingthemlooseinglobalmarkets–resultingindistortionsthatnegativelyaffectfarmers,industrialproducers,andworkersintheMinisters’homecountries.TheMinistersrecognizedtheprogressoftheirwork,andthecontinuedneedtodeepentheirsharedunderstanding,onthebasisforstrengtheningrulesonindustrialsubsidiesandStateOwnedEnterprises,includinghowtodevelopeffectiverulestoaddressmarket-distortingbehaviorofstateenterprisesandconfrontparticularlyharmfulsubsidypracticessuchas:state-ownedbanklendingincompatiblewithacompany’screditworthiness,includingduetoimplicitgovernmentguarantees;governmentorgovernment-controlledinvestmentfundequityinvestmentonnon-commercialterms;non-commercialdebt-to-equityswaps;preferentialinputpricing,includingdualpricing;subsidiestoanailingenterprisewithoutacrediblerestructuringplan;andsubsidiesleadingtoormaintainingovercapacity.
Thetrilateralpartnerscontinueexploringhowtoincreasethecostsoftransparencyandnotificationfailuresandhowtostrengthentheabilitytoobtaininformationonsubsidies.
TheMinistersalsoconfirmedtheircommitmenttocontinueworkingtogethertomaintaintheeffectivenessofexistingWTOdisciplines.
Onthatbasis,theyagreedtointensifydiscussionsamongthemselvesandexpressedtheirintentiontoadvancetheirrespectiveinternalstepsbeforetheendof2018withtheaimofinitiatinganegotiationonmoreeffectivesubsidyrulessoonthereafter.TheMinistersemphasizedtheneedtoensuretheparticipationofkeytradingpartnersinthesefuturenegotiations.
StatementonConcernswithForcedTechnologyTransferPoliciesandPracticesofThirdCountries
TheMinistersrecalledtheirsharedviewthatnocountryshouldrequireorpressuretechnologytransferfromforeigncompaniestodomesticcompanies,including,forexample,throughtheuseofjointventurerequirements,foreignequitylimitations,administrativereviewandlicensingprocesses,orothermeans.TheMinistersfoundsuchpracticestobedeplorable.
TheMinistersagaincondemnedgovernmentactionsthatsupporttheunauthorizedintrusioninto,andtheftfrom,thecomputernetworksofforeigncompaniestoaccesstheirsensitivecommercialinformationandtradesecretsandusethatinformationforcommercialgain.Recallingthatforcedtechnologytransferpoliciesandpracticescreateunfaircompetitiveconditionsfortheirworkersandbusinesses,hinderthedevelopmentanduseofinnovativetechnologies,andunderminetheproperfunctioningofinternationaltrade,theMinisterswillreachouttoandbuildconsensuswithotherlike-mindedpartners.TheMinistersalsoagreedtodeepentheirinvestigationandanalysisofthefullrangeofharmfultechnologytransferpoliciesandpracticesandtheireffects.
TheMinistersaffirmedtheircommitmenttoeffectivemeanstostopharmfulforcedtechnologytransferpoliciesandpractices,andtothisend,deependiscussionsonenforcementandrule-makingastoolstoaddresstheseproblems.
StatementonDiscussionsonWTOReform
TheMinisterssharedacommonviewontheneedforthereformoftheWTO,and,withrespecttoitsmonitoringandsurveillancefunction,agreedasafirststeptoco-sponsoratransparencyandnotificationproposalforconsiderationatthenextmeetingoftheWTOCouncilonTradeinGoods.
Theyalsoagreedtopromotethestrengtheningoftheregularcommittees’activitiesandinstructedtheirexpertstodiscussthedevelopmentofapotentialjointproposalbythethreemembersfocusingonthepromotionofbestpracticesandincreasingefficienciesacrosscommittees.
Overlybroadclassificationsofdevelopment,combinedwithself-designationofdevelopmentstatus,inhibitstheWTO’sabilitytonegotiatenew,trade-expandingagreementsandunderminestheireffectiveness.TheMinisterscalledonadvancedWTOMembersclaimingdevelopingcountrystatustoundertakefullcommitmentsinongoingandfutureWTOnegotiations.
StatementonDigitalTradeandE-Commerce
TheMinisterssharedgrowingconcernsaboutproliferationofdigitalprotectionismandagreedtocooperateinfacilitatingdigitaltradeandthegrowthofthedigitaleconomyandtoenhancebusinessenvironmentsthroughthepromotionofdatasecurity.
TheMinisterswelcometheprogressofexploratoryworkundertheWTOJointStatementInitiativeonElectronicCommerce.TheyagreedtointensifyandacceleratethisprocesstodeepenunderstandingamongmembersonpossibleelementstobeincludedinafutureagreementondigitaltradeaimingatupdatingtheWTOrulebook,aswellasthesignificanteconomicbenefitsofsuchanagreement.TheMinistersagreedtocontinueworktowardthetimelylaunchofnegotiationsofahighstandardagreementwiththeparticipationofasmanymembersaspossible.
StatementonCooperationonOtherIssues
TheMinistersconfirmedtheimportanceofcoordinationamongthemselvestomitigateriskstotheirnationalsecurityfromtradeandforeigninvestment,includingthecontinuedcooperationbetweenappropriateauthoritiesofthethreepartnerstosharebestpracticesandexchangeinformationonforeigninvestmentreviewmechanisms.
TheMinisterswelcomedtrilateralcooperationfortheInternationalWorkingGrouponExportCreditstodevelopanewsetofguidelinesforgovernment-supportedexportcreditsassoonaspossiblein2019.
TheMinistersreaffirmedtheircooperationininternationalfora,suchastheG7,G20andtheOECDandinsectoralinitiativessuchastheGlobalForumonSteelExcessCapacityandGovernments/AuthoritiesMeetingonSemiconductors,toaddressmarket-distortingmeasures.
产业补贴和国有企业相关声明
部长们审查并确认了有关产业补贴和国有企业可能的新规则的进展情况，以便为其工人和企业提供更公平的竞争环境。部长们强调了确保公平竞争的重要性，因为第三国将国有企业发展成为国内顶尖并任其在全球市场肆虐——导致了对三方国内农民、工业生产商和工人的负面影响。在加强产业补贴和国有企业规则的方面，部长们认识到了现有工作的进展，以及加强共识的持续需要，包括如何制定有效的规则来解决国有企业扭曲市场的行为和对抗特别有害的补贴实践，例如：国有银行的放贷与公司的资信不符，还基于隐性的政府担保；政府或政府控制的基金以非商业条件进行投资；非商业债转股；优惠原料价格，包括双重定价；在没有可靠的重组计划的情况下对不良企业的补贴；以及导致或维持产能过剩的补贴。
三方会继续探讨如何提高透明度和未进行补贴通报的成本，以及如何加强获得补贴相关信息的能力。
部长们还确认会承诺继续共同努力，以维持现有世贸组织规则的有效性。
在此基础上，他们同意加强彼此之间的对话，并表示有意在2018年年底前推进各自的内部流程，以便在此后就更有效的补贴规则进行谈判。部长们强调有必要确保主要贸易伙伴参与今后的谈判。
第三国强制技术转让政策和做法相关声明
部长们回顾了他们的共识，即任何国家都不应该通过合资要求、外国股权限制、行政审查和许可程序或其他方式，要求或迫使外国公司向国内公司转让技术。部长们认为这种做法非常糟糕。
部长们再次谴责政府采取支持未经授权入侵或从外国公司的计算机网络中窃取，以获取敏感的商业信息和商业机密，并将这些信息用于商业目的的行为。强迫技术转让政策和做法造成了三方国内工人和企业不公平的竞争条件，阻碍了创新技术的开发和使用，并破坏了国际贸易的正常运作，部长们将就此与其他志同道合的贸易伙伴达成并建立共识。部长们还同意深入调查和分析各种具有危害性的技术转让政策和做法及其影响。
部长们重申将致力采取有效措施制止具有危害性的强制技术转让政策和做法，并为此深化关于执法和规则制定的讨论，以解决此类问题。
关于WTO改革的讨论的声明
部长们对世贸组织改革的必要性持共同看法。就世贸组织其监测和监督职能，部长们同意首先共同提出有关透明度和通知的提案，供货物贸易理事会下次会议审议。
部长们还同意促进加强委员会的常规活动，并指示三国专家讨论由三成员国提出关于最佳实践推广和提高各委员会的效率可能的联合提案。
过于宽泛的发展界定，加上自我定位的发展现状，抑制了世贸组织谈判新的贸易扩大协议的能力，也破坏其有效性。部长们呼吁宣称发展中国家地位的先进的世贸组织成员在世贸组织正在进行和未来的谈判中作出全面承诺。
数字贸易和电子商务相关声明
部长们对数字保护主义泛滥的担忧日益增加，并同意合作促进数字贸易和数字经济的发展，并通过促进数据安全来改善商业环境。
部长们欢迎世贸组织电子商务联合声明倡议下的探索性工作取得进展。他们同意加强和加速WTO规则的更新进程，加深成员之间对需要纳入未来的数字贸易协议的要素，以及此类协议的重大经济效益的共识。部长们同意继续努力，在尽可能多的成员的参与下及时启动高标准协议的谈判。
关于其他问题的合作声明
部长们确认了协同工作在贸易和外国投资领域降低国家安全的风险的重要性，包括三方有关当局之间继续合作，以分享最佳做法和交换有关外国投资审查机制的信息。
部长们欢迎国际出口信贷工作组的三边合作，以便尽快在2019年为政府支持的出口信贷制定一套新的指导方针。
部长们重申在国际论坛，如七国集团、二十国集团和经合组织等国际论坛以及钢铁产能过剩全球论坛和政府间半导体会议等中的合作，以解决扭曲市场措施。
英文原文如下：
JointStatementonTrilateralMeetingoftheTradeMinistersoftheUnitedStates,Japan,andtheEuropeanUnion
Mr.HiroshigeSeko,MinisterofEconomy,TradeandIndustryofJapan,AmbassadorRobertE.Lighthizer,UnitedStatesTradeRepresentative,andMrs.CeciliaMalmström,EuropeanCommissionerforTrade,metinNewYorkon25September2018.
StatementonConcernswithNon-Market-OrientedPoliciesandPracticesofThirdCountries
TheMinistersreiteratedtheirconcernwithandconfirmedtheirsharedobjectivetoaddressnonmarket-orientedpoliciesandpracticesofthirdcountriesthatleadtosevereovercapacity,createunfaircompetitiveconditionsfortheirworkersandbusinesses,hinderthedevelopmentanduseofinnovativetechnologies,andunderminetheproperfunctioningofinternationaltrade,includingwhereexistingrulesarenoteffective.
TheMinistersrecalledthatmarket-orientedconditionsarefundamentaltoafair,mutuallyadvantageousglobaltradingsystemandthattheircitizensandbusinessesoperateundermarket-orientedconditions.Theydiscussedactionsbeingtakenandpossiblemeasuresthatcouldbeundertakeninthenearfuture.
Accordingly,theydirectedtheirstafftofurthertheirdiscussiononvariouselementsorindicationsthatsignalthatnon-marketorientedpoliciesandpracticesexistforbusinessesandindustries,toenhanceinformationsharingonnon-market-orientedpoliciesandpracticesofthirdcountries,toengagewithothertradingpartnersonidentifyingmeanstomaintainmarket-orientedconditions,andtodeependiscussionsonenforcementandrule-makingastoolstoaddresstheseproblems.
StatementonIndustrialSubsidiesandStateOwnedEnterprise
TheMinistersreviewedandconfirmedprogressregardingpossiblenewrulesonindustrialsubsidiesandStateOwnedEnterprisessoastopromoteamorelevelplayingfieldfortheirworkersandbusinesses.TheMinistershighlightedtheimportanceofsecuringalevelplayingfieldgiventhechallengesposedbythirdpartiesdevelopingStateOwnedEnterprisesintonationalchampionsandsettingthemlooseinglobalmarkets–resultingindistortionsthatnegativelyaffectfarmers,industrialproducers,andworkersintheMinisters’homecountries.TheMinistersrecognizedtheprogressoftheirwork,andthecontinuedneedtodeepentheirsharedunderstanding,onthebasisforstrengtheningrulesonindustrialsubsidiesandStateOwnedEnterprises,includinghowtodevelopeffectiverulestoaddressmarket-distortingbehaviorofstateenterprisesandconfrontparticularlyharmfulsubsidypracticessuchas:state-ownedbanklendingincompatiblewithacompany’screditworthiness,includingduetoimplicitgovernmentguarantees;governmentorgovernment-controlledinvestmentfundequityinvestmentonnon-commercialterms;non-commercialdebt-to-equityswaps;preferentialinputpricing,includingdualpricing;subsidiestoanailingenterprisewithoutacrediblerestructuringplan;andsubsidiesleadingtoormaintainingovercapacity.
Thetrilateralpartnerscontinueexploringhowtoincreasethecostsoftransparencyandnotificationfailuresandhowtostrengthentheabilitytoobtaininformationonsubsidies.
TheMinistersalsoconfirmedtheircommitmenttocontinueworkingtogethertomaintaintheeffectivenessofexistingWTOdisciplines.
Onthatbasis,theyagreedtointensifydiscussionsamongthemselvesandexpressedtheirintentiontoadvancetheirrespectiveinternalstepsbeforetheendof2018withtheaimofinitiatinganegotiationonmoreeffectivesubsidyrulessoonthereafter.TheMinistersemphasizedtheneedtoensuretheparticipationofkeytradingpartnersinthesefuturenegotiations.
StatementonConcernswithForcedTechnologyTransferPoliciesandPracticesofThirdCountries
TheMinistersrecalledtheirsharedviewthatnocountryshouldrequireorpressuretechnologytransferfromforeigncompaniestodomesticcompanies,including,forexample,throughtheuseofjointventurerequirements,foreignequitylimitations,administrativereviewandlicensingprocesses,orothermeans.TheMinistersfoundsuchpracticestobedeplorable.
TheMinistersagaincondemnedgovernmentactionsthatsupporttheunauthorizedintrusioninto,andtheftfrom,thecomputernetworksofforeigncompaniestoaccesstheirsensitivecommercialinformationandtradesecretsandusethatinformationforcommercialgain.Recallingthatforcedtechnologytransferpoliciesandpracticescreateunfaircompetitiveconditionsfortheirworkersandbusinesses,hinderthedevelopmentanduseofinnovativetechnologies,andunderminetheproperfunctioningofinternationaltrade,theMinisterswillreachouttoandbuildconsensuswithotherlike-mindedpartners.TheMinistersalsoagreedtodeepentheirinvestigationandanalysisofthefullrangeofharmfultechnologytransferpoliciesandpracticesandtheireffects.
TheMinistersaffirmedtheircommitmenttoeffectivemeanstostopharmfulforcedtechnologytransferpoliciesandpractices,andtothisend,deependiscussionsonenforcementandrule-makingastoolstoaddresstheseproblems.
StatementonDiscussionsonWTOReform
TheMinisterssharedacommonviewontheneedforthereformoftheWTO,and,withrespecttoitsmonitoringandsurveillancefunction,agreedasafirststeptoco-sponsoratransparencyandnotificationproposalforconsiderationatthenextmeetingoftheWTOCouncilonTradeinGoods.
Theyalsoagreedtopromotethestrengtheningoftheregularcommittees’activitiesandinstructedtheirexpertstodiscussthedevelopmentofapotentialjointproposalbythethreemembersfocusingonthepromotionofbestpracticesandincreasingefficienciesacrosscommittees.
Overlybroadclassificationsofdevelopment,combinedwithself-designationofdevelopmentstatus,inhibitstheWTO’sabilitytonegotiatenew,trade-expandingagreementsandunderminestheireffectiveness.TheMinisterscalledonadvancedWTOMembersclaimingdevelopingcountrystatustoundertakefullcommitmentsinongoingandfutureWTOnegotiations.
StatementonDigitalTradeandE-Commerce
TheMinisterssharedgrowingconcernsaboutproliferationofdigitalprotectionismandagreedtocooperateinfacilitatingdigitaltradeandthegrowthofthedigitaleconomyandtoenhancebusinessenvironmentsthroughthepromotionofdatasecurity.
TheMinisterswelcometheprogressofexploratoryworkundertheWTOJointStatementInitiativeonElectronicCommerce.TheyagreedtointensifyandacceleratethisprocesstodeepenunderstandingamongmembersonpossibleelementstobeincludedinafutureagreementondigitaltradeaimingatupdatingtheWTOrulebook,aswellasthesignificanteconomicbenefitsofsuchanagreement.TheMinistersagreedtocontinueworktowardthetimelylaunchofnegotiationsofahighstandardagreementwiththeparticipationofasmanymembersaspossible.
StatementonCooperationonOtherIssues
TheMinistersconfirmedtheimportanceofcoordinationamongthemselvestomitigateriskstotheirnationalsecurityfromtradeandforeigninvestment,includingthecontinuedcooperationbetweenappropriateauthoritiesofthethreepartnerstosharebestpracticesandexchangeinformationonforeigninvestmentreviewmechanisms.
TheMinisterswelcomedtrilateralcooperationfortheInternationalWorkingGrouponExportCreditstodevelopanewsetofguidelinesforgovernment-supportedexportcreditsassoonaspossiblein2019.
TheMinistersreaffirmedtheircooperationininternationalfora,suchastheG7,G20andtheOECDandinsectoralinitiativessuchastheGlobalForumonSteelExcessCapacityandGovernments/AuthoritiesMeetingonSemiconductors,toaddressmarket-distortingmeasures.